History of Austria
The Republic of Austria (in full Austria) is a landlocked country in central Europe. Human presence is evidenced in the Paleolithic period, and its history extends to ancient times.
Ancient History
In about 800 BC, a sizeable Celtic territory was inhabited in Austria. The chief people of this place were the Austri, from whom the country's name was taken. Austria was part of the Roman Empire from 15 BC to over 400 years under their rule.
Etymology of Austria
Austria is named after the Old High German word Ostarrîchi, which means 'eastern realm.' In the 9th century, this name was used to call the eastern territories of Charlemagne's empire. This term eventually became known as Vienna in English, but over time, it developed into modern German 'Österreich' and later into Austria.
Prehistory and antiquity
As mentioned earlier, human presence in Austria is traced back to the Paleolithic era. One culture and tribe was settled during this time: the Celts, Illyrians and Romans. This was the age of most significant influence on Austrian history from the Roman Empire.
Middle Ages
In the 5th century, the former Roman Empire began to crash and fall, and the Germanic country known as the Huns invaded Austria. Invaded by the Bavarians, Avers, and Slavs, it followed. These territories, however, weren't conquered by Charlemagne until the late 8th century.
Rise of Austria
The House of Babenberg emerged in the 10th century as a dynasty that would govern huge parts of today's Austria. The Habsburgs later succeeded them through strategic marriages and military conquest, expanding their territory. They were the ones making Austria one of Europe's leading powers.
17th and 18th centuries
During this period, Austria took part in many wars, including the Thirty Years' War and the Austro-Turkish War. Nevertheless, the country succeeded and experienced major cultural developments.
Medieval Times
Austria, at first (until the early Middle Ages), came under the rule of Germanic tribes, but Charlemagne conquered it in the late 8th century. By the 10th century, Austria had become Austria, a part of the Holy Roman Empire and was ruled by the Babenberg’s and the Habsburgs.
Rise of the Habsburg Dynasty
In the 13th century, the Habsburg dynasty came to power and ruled Austria for almost 600 years. Strategic marriages expanded their territories and made them one of the most powerful families in Europe — that’s why they were known for it.
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria was a dual monarchy, with Hungary holding the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867. Austria experienced economic growth and cultural flourishing during this period, but it was politically turbulent with its neighbors.
World War I
In 1914, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, led Austria into World War I. War took a heavy toll on casualties, and yet the economy of the country collapsed.
Republic of Austria
Austria was a republic after the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I. It was an era of political instability; economic struggle, and it was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938.
Post-World War II
After World War II, the Allies occupied Austria and regained its independence in 1955. During the Cold War, it became a neutral country neutral country between opposing powers.
Modern Austria
Recently, Austria has developed into a prosperous country with a high quality of life. It has a cultural heritage, scenic beauty and a strong economy. In 1995, Austria joined the European Union and continues to have an important role in EU politics and economics.
Cultural Heritage
Known for its rich cultural heritage influenced by many civilizations, Austria is rightly placed on the map of the top meaningful places to travel. It has contributed considerably to architecture, music, literature and the arts, representing its diverse history. Austrian culture counts Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Sigmund Freud, Gustav Klimt and Joseph Haydn among its well-known figures.
Scenic Beauty
Additionally, Austria has stunning natural scenery, of which the Alps occupy the most area. Known for its skiing and hiking opportunities, it is a popular destination. The country also offers beautiful cities such as Vienna, Salzburg, and Innsbruck, attracting tourists worldwide.
Strong Economy
Though facing challenges, Austria has grown to a strong economy with a high degree of human development. It is one of the world's richest countries, with a highly skilled workforce, modern infrastructure, and sophisticated industries.
Independence
Austria has faced many obstacles on its road through history and has been changed at times, but just as successfully, it has survived them all to become the modern, strong nation it is today. Austria's history is a long one, and we see it from the early Romans to today in Europe. The country is still one valuable country on the globe that is thriving and making a contribution to the world.
Government and politics
The democratic government of our country is a federal parliamentary republic. As the head of government and head of state, the country is led by a President and a Chancellor. Austria's political system consists of a multi-party system, with the Social Democratic Party and the Austrian People's Party as the main political parties.
Foreign relations
Austrian membership includes international organizations like the United Nations, the European Union, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The country has good relations with its surrounding countries and goes further to play a significant role in creating possibilities of peace and stability in the region. Close diplomatic ties to most countries worldwide and an active part in international diplomacy characterize Austria.
Military
Austria has the Austrian Armed Forces, a well-trained and equipped military. Its main uses are national defense and peacekeeping missions. In 2005, Austria abolished conscription and established a professional military. It also adheres to a longstanding tradition of neutrality and has no military alliances. However, it participates in the United Nations as part of international peacekeeping efforts.
Administrative divisions
Austria is made up of nine federal states, whose capitals and administrations are separate. Local government is further divided into districts and municipalities in these states. The country's government runs on a decentralized system, and the powers vested in the states are enormous.
Geography and Climate
Austria is a diverse country with a portfolio of mountains, forests, lakes and rivers in the center of Europe. The Western Alps dominate the Western and southern parts of the country, with the eastern regions having flatter and fertile plains.
Economy
Austria's highly developed economy and service industry, including banking, insurance, and tourism, are strongly emphasized. The country also has a dynamic sector, including cathode ray tube assembly, electronics, machinery, chemicals, plastics and pharmaceuticals. Austria is also a significant producer of dairy products, and agriculture is an essential sector of the Austrian economy.
Ethnic groups
While ethnic Austrians make up the majority of the population, there are sizable minorities of Turks, Serbs, and Croats. The country also has a tiny but influential Jewish community. Despite its diverse population, Austria is very united.
Demographics
Over 8 million people live in Austria, mostly in urban areas. It is a country with a high standard of living and low unemployment. Society in Austria is very diverse, and there are many different ethnicities and cultures. German is the official language; other minority languages are Hungarian, Slovene, and Croatian.
Largest cities
Vienna is both the capital and the largest city of Austria, with a population exceeding 1.8 million people. Other major cities in Austria are Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck.
Language
Austrian German is the country's official language, but most people speak it. Other languages, including Turkish, Hungarian, Slovene, and Croatian, are also spoken in Austria.
Religion
However, most Austrians identify as Roman Catholic, with a significant Protestant minority. There is also a growing Muslim community through immigration in recent years.
Education
In Austria, education is highly valued and free until you reach the secondary level. It has a highly developed education system and several world-famous universities, including the University of Vienna and the Graz University of Technology.
Cuisine
Influenced by her neighboring countries, Austrian cuisine is hearty and rich. Schnitzel (breaded and fried meat) is also popular, as are strudel (pastry filled with fruit or cheese) and sausages. It also boasts a Viennese coffee culture and the cities are scattered with cafes.
Sports
Skiing is Austria's most popular sport and an essential part of Austrian culture. Other popular sports are football, ice hockey, and tennis. Many successful athletes who have brought pride to their country in international competitions have been produced in Austria.
Festivals and Celebrations
At the end of the year, Austria celebrates different festivals, such as Christmas markets (during the holiday season), Fasching (Carnival) in February, and the famous Wiener Wiesn-Fest (Oktoberfest) in Vienna. Each region has unique celebrations and traditions.
Culture and Arts
Famous for its cultural heritage, Austria has also been the birthplace of many famous composers in classical music, including Mozart, Beethoven, and Strauss. In addition, the country is proud of its beautiful architecture, like Vienna and Salzburg, which have Baroque palaces. In the fields of fine arts, literature and film, Austrian artists have also left their mark.
Tourism
Austria is a popular tourist destination due to its fantastic natural landscapes, historical cities and rich culture. Millions of people visit the country yearly to ski the Alps or explore the charming towns and villages.
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