History of Costa Rica

The little Central American nation of Costa Rica has a rich history. Indigenous people lived there for millennia before the Spanish came in the sixteenth century. 

Pre-Columbian Period 

The first to call Costa Rica home were Native American tribes such as the Caribs and Borucas. Living upon hunting, fishing, and farming, their civilization was essentially tribal in nature. Early societies left behind amazing constructions like stone spheres, which are still seen all throughout the country. 

Spanish Colonization 

On his fourth American voyage in 1502, Christopher Columbus came upon Costa Rica. Still, the Spanish arrived in the country only in 1563, setting up their first permanent home. The colonists began producing cocoa, bananas, and coffee, attracted by the abundant land. 

Independence from Spain 

Like most of Central America, Costa Rica came free from Spain in 1821. After a temporary membership in the Mexican Empire, Costa Rica gained sovereignty in 1838. The country thereafter went through political upheaval and frequent battles, but in 1949, it managed to abolish its army and focus on healthcare and education. 

Economic growth in the 19th century 

Costa Rica changed significantly economically when coffee growing first emerged in the late 19th century. Originally among the most valued exports from the country, this crop fostered rather fast economic growth. Especially from Europe, the coffee industry attracted immigrants and foreign capital to support Costa Rica's diversity in culture. 

20th century 

Costa Rica saw more political stability in the 20th century as a succession of democratic governments followed. When Jose Figures Ferrer guided Costa Rica through a civil war and destroyed the military in 1948, the nation became among the few without an army in the world. This policy contributed to increasing a high literacy rate and a longer life expectancy by allowing more investments in healthcare and education. 

Geography 

These days, Costa Rica's ecotourism industry, diverse species, and natural beauty are what mostly define it. Its halfway point between the Pacific and Caribbean Seas presents a variety of locations with beaches, rainforests, and volcanoes. The country appeals much to eco-friendly visitors because of its commitment to preservation. 

Climate 

There are two seasons to Costa Rica's tropical climate: dry and wet. December through April marks the dry season; the rainy season runs from May to November. The different terrain of the country guarantees that, depending on the location, temperatures and weather patterns could vary greatly. 

Flora and fauna 

Costa Rica offers an amazing spectrum of flora and animals among one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth. Including about 500,000 species, this country claims more than 5% of world the preservation of biodiversity. This covers over 850 different species of birds as well as thousands of different types of vegetation. 

Economy 

With a strong contemporary economy mostly focused on tourism, agriculture, and technology, Costa Rica boasts Principal exports from the country are medical tools, coffee, bananas, and pineapples. Its steady political climate and focus on education have also attracted foreign corporate investment in many different fields. 

Trade and foreign investment 

Costa Rica has mostly dealt with China, the US, and other European countries. It appeals especially to foreign investors since it has free trade agreements with other nations. 

Tourism 

With millions of visitors to Costa Rica yearly, tourism is the country's main cash source. The nation's natural beauty, diversified fauna, and commitment to environmentally friendly travel appeal to adventure seekers and eco-trotters. 

Politics and government 

Costa Rica is a democratic country using a presidential type of administration. The president acts in both head of state and head of government. Considered as one of the most politically stable countries in Latin America, the country has a long heritage of political stability. 

Administrative divisions 

There are seven provinces in Costa Rica, with unique capital cities in each. These provinces are split still further into 81 cantons and 473 districts. The scattered government system of the country lets more local involvement in decision-making. 

Foreign relations 

Costa Rica is well-known for extending human rights and peace as well as for having a long diplomatic neutrality history. It is also a member of the United Nations and the Organization of American States among other international entities. The country stresses maintaining positive diplomatic relations with neighboring nations rather than a permanent army. 

Pacifism 

Costa Rica's dedication to peace and neutrality has helped it to develop a reputation as occasionally the "Switzerland of Central America." A major first in this pacifist approach, the 1949 military abolition decision has since become a model in promoting peace and disarmament. 

Leadership in world Governance initiatives 

A leading supporter of sustainable development and environmental preservation is Costa Rica. It actively backs several global initiatives. Furthermore, its influence has been mostly on human rights and strengthening democracy in the nation.

Environmentalism 

Costa Rica is devoted to sustainable resource usage and environmental protection. The nation has ambitious carbon reduction goals to reach carbon neutrality by 2021. National parks and reserves cover over 25% of its land as well. 

Demographics 

Costa Rica features a varied population mixed with cultures and countries of about 5 million. Although there are some notable indigenous and Afro-Caribbean groups, most individuals have a European heritage. Spanish is the official language; English is rather widespread in areas visited for tourism. 

Education 

Having spent so much on education, Costa Rica is among the most literate countries in Latin America. Everyone has free and required primary and secondary education; the country also boasts several universities attracting foreign students. 

Healthcare 

High life expectancy of Costa Rica can also be attributed to its commitment to healthcare. The nation's universal healthcare system covers all citizens and legal residents, which has helped explain the general wellbeing and great quality of living of the country. 

Largest cantons 

San José is the largest canton in Costa Rica as well as its capital. Alajuela, Cartago, Heredia, and Puntarenas are some big cantons as well. Apart from significant administrative divisions, these cantons are well-known tourist spots with particular beauty. 

Religion 

Though a tiny but rising minority of Costa Ricans identify as Protestant, most of them are Roman Catholic. Rich in religious history, the nation features numerous exquisite churches and cathedrals captivating both residents and visitors. 

Festivals and celebrations 

Apart from legislative holidays like Independence Day, Costa Rica celebrates a range of events and holidays all year long including joint religious feasts like Easter and Christmas. November Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead) is one of the special celebrations resulting from the rich culture and diverse population of the nation. 

Languages 

Although Spanish is the official language, Costa Ricans speak numerous indigenous languages, Bribri and Cabécar. There are many English-speaking visitors, and many of the residents speak several languages.

Culture

Spanish, indigenous, and Afro-Caribbean inspirations abound in Costa Rica's society. The nation is defined by great community feeling, appreciation of the surroundings, and a laid-back attitude. Popular all over the area are salsa and merengue as well as traditional music and dance.

Food 

The varied cultural background of Costa Rica defines in part their food. Typical fare call for gallo pinto (rice and beans), casado (meat with rice, beans, bananas, and many sides), and ceviche (marinated fish). Moreover, Costa Rican food depends rather on fresh fruits and vegetables. 

Sports 

With a decent national team with three FIFA World Cup qualifications, football (soccer) is the most regularly played sport in Costa Rica. The warm temperature of the country and its breathtaking beaches also make surfing, fishing, and other water sports rather popular.